One-year-old wolves always keep the isolated group, and in case of intrapack conflicts evade from active participation in them. Puppies, showing the subordinated position to all members of the pack, raise careful treatment to them. Aggression plays a perceptible role in maintenance pack's structure, in the hierarchical relations establishment between its members, in its long, practically permanent existence. Intrapack's tendencies of wolf's behavior have however not smaller, but even bigger value.
Unification is possible owing to mutual tolerance association of the pack during the group hunting, accompanied by subtle coordination actions of its members. The behavioral mechanisms, based on mutual tolerance and aspiration to unification, prevail in a daily life of the pack. Frequency of aggressive contacts amongst wolves in natural and artificial conditions, possibly, is different. The limited space does not allow wolves to avoid mutual psychological press, supporting constantly high general level of aggression. For animals with highly developed mentality like wolves, psychological withdrawal of cathexis is of great importance. In field conditions we repeatedly observed, that in the afternoon during rest wolves have been dispersed on distance of tens and hundreds meters from each other. Even grown up by the end of summer puppies not always kept together.
Wolves' life is closely connected with a hoofed animals' life. Where there are no hoofed, there are no at all or very few wolves. Northern and red deers, elks, saigas, rams and goats make prey of wolves pack. Wolves are also attracted with greater congestions of domestic animals. In areas of northern reindeer and sheep breeding the presence of wolves is usual. Ways of hunting of wolves on hoofed are various and strongly depend on a kind of the prey, features of the landscape and of the season. Alone wolves seldom hunt on hoofed, especially large. They quite skillfully use advantages of pack, reaching in coordination of collective actions of the big art.
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