In the arias with big numbers of wolves, concentration of marks is especially great on periphery of family territory that is on its borders, due to overlapping marks of wolves that occupy the neighboring territories. There are a lot of marks in the center of pack activity inside of family territories where dung, uric points and scratches meet often. Such centers of pack activity are constant tracks and dens. They can be remote from the territory borders to some kilometers. The concentration of wolves' vital functions signs in the centers of their activity gives territories characteristic appearance. Numerous traces of wolves' live activity on their family territory, their maldistribution, possibly, serve as guiding line for pack members, which are leaving for many kilometers in searches of forage and again coming back in the center of family territory.
The majority of zoologists consider, that wolves are monogamous, that is one male during many years forms a couple with one and the same female. However it is difficult to approve, that it so because in a pack usually are present several pubescent males and females. In such pack, possibly, or preference of marriage partners, or compulsory monogamy is based on the intrasexual aggression that interfere participation in reproduction of potential contenders. The last is more probable, as in pack there are hierarchical relations. In complex wolves' family there are two lines of domination: separately line of males and line of females when one males dominate over other males and one females dominate over other females. Adult animals do not attack puppies that thus, appear outside of hierarchy. It is very difficultly and practically impossible to observe details of an intrapack life of wolves in natural conditions. Therefore that little that is known about complex hierarchy in family of wolves, is received owing to supervision over captive animals.
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